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Task: ml-ensemble-boosting

Ensemble Boosting Strategy Design

Research Question

Design a novel sample weighting and update strategy for gradient boosting that improves over standard methods (AdaBoost, gradient boosting, XGBoost-style Newton step) across classification and regression tasks.

Background

Gradient boosting builds ensembles of weak learners (decision trees) sequentially, where each new learner corrects errors made by the ensemble so far. The key design choices that differentiate boosting algorithms are:

  • Pseudo-target computation: What does each new weak learner try to predict? Options include the original labels (AdaBoost), negative gradients of the loss (gradient boosting), or Newton-step targets using second-order information (XGBoost).
  • Learner weighting: How much influence does each weak learner get? Computed from weighted error (AdaBoost), fixed at 1.0 with learning rate shrinkage (gradient boosting), or via line search / Newton optimization (XGBoost).
  • Sample reweighting: How does the distribution over training samples shift between rounds? Exponential reweighting of misclassified samples (AdaBoost) vs. uniform weights with pseudo-residual fitting (gradient methods).

These design choices interact with each other and with the loss landscape. There is room for novel strategies that combine ideas from different approaches, use adaptive schedules, or exploit problem structure.

What You Can Modify

The BoostingStrategy class (lines 147-256) in custom_boosting.py. This class has four methods:

  • init_weights(n_samples) -- Initialize sample weights (should sum to 1)
  • compute_targets(y, current_predictions, sample_weights, round_idx) -- Compute pseudo-targets for the next weak learner
  • compute_learner_weight(learner, X, y, pseudo_targets, sample_weights, round_idx) -- Compute alpha for the just-fitted learner
  • update_weights(sample_weights, learner, X, y, pseudo_targets, alpha, round_idx) -- Update sample weights for the next round

You have access to: true labels, current ensemble predictions, sample weights, the fitted learner (can call learner.predict(X)), round index, and the config dict with dataset metadata.

Available imports in the FIXED section: numpy, sklearn.tree, sklearn.metrics, sklearn.datasets, sklearn.model_selection.

Evaluation

  • Metrics:
    • Classification (breast_cancer): test_accuracy (higher is better)
    • Regression (diabetes, california_housing): test_rmse (lower is better)
  • Benchmarks (3 datasets):
    • Breast Cancer Wisconsin (classification, 569 samples, 30 features)
    • Diabetes (regression, 442 samples, 10 features)
    • California Housing (regression, 20640 samples, 8 features)
  • Training: 200 boosting rounds, max_depth=3 trees, learning_rate=0.1, 80/20 train-test split
  • Base learner: Decision tree (fixed, not editable)

scikit-learn/custom_boosting.py [EDITABLE — lines 147–256 only]

     1: """ML Ensemble Boos
AssistantStep 1edit
Tool Input
1{
2  "op": "replace",
3  "filename": "scikit-learn/custom_boosting.py",
4  "start_line": 147,
5  "end_line": 256,
6  "content": "class BoostingStrategy:\n    \"\"\"Adaptive Gradient Boosting with Confidence-Weighted Updates (AGBCW).\n\n    Combines gradient-based pseudo-targets, second-order learner weights,\n    and adaptive sample reweighting based on confidence (margin for classification,\n    normalized residuals for regression). Uses round-dependent temperature to\n    focus more on hard samples in later rounds.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, config):\n        \"\"\"Initialize the boosting strategy.\n\n        Args:\n            config: dict with keys n_samples, n_features, n_rounds,\n                    task_type, learning_rate, dataset.\n        \"\"\"\n        self.config = config\n        self.task_type = config[\"task_type\"]\n        self.n_rounds = config[\"n_rounds\"]\n        self.learning_rate = config[\"learning_rate\"]\n        # Regularization parameter for Newton step (like XGBoost lambda)\n        self.reg_lambda = 1.0\n        # Base temperature for exponential weighting (decays over rounds)\n        self.temperature_base = 2.0\n\n    def init_weights(self, n_samples):\n        \"\"\"Initialize sample weights uniformly.\"\"\"\n        return np.ones(n_samples) / n_samples\n\n    def _sigmoid(self, x):\n        \"\"\"Sigmoid function with clipping for numerical stability.\"\"\"\n        return 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-np.clip(x, -500, 500)))\n\n    def compute_targets(self, y, current_predictions, sample_weights, round_idx):\n        \"\"\"Compute pseudo-targets as negative gradient of loss.\n\n        For regression: negative gradient of squared loss = residuals.\n        For classification: negative gradient of logistic loss = y - p.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.task_type == \"regression\":\n            # residuals\n            return y - current_predictions\n        else:\n            # classification: gradient of logistic loss\n            # current_predictions are raw scores (before sigmoid)\n            probs = self._sigmoid(current_predictions)\n            return y - probs\n\n    def compute_learner_weight(self, learner, X, y, pseudo_targets,\n                                sample_weights, round_idx):\n        \"\"\"Compute learner weight via regularized Newton step.\n\n        For regression: alpha = sum(g * h) / (sum(h^2) + lambda)\n          where g = pseudo_targets (residuals), h = learner predictions,\n          and hessian = 1 (for squared loss).\n        For classification: same but hessian = p*(1-p).\n        \"\"\"\n        preds = learner.predict(X)\n        if self.task_type == \"regression\":\n            numerator = np.sum(pseudo_targets * preds)\n            denominator = np.sum(preds ** 2) + self.reg_lambda\n            alpha = numerator / denominator\n            return max(alpha, 0.0)\n        else:\n            # classification: need Hessians = p*(1-p) evaluated at current raw scores\n            # current raw scores are not directly available; we can approximate\n            # using the fact that pseudo_targets = y - p, and p = sigmoid(F).\n            # But we don't have F. However, we can compute p from y and pseudo_targets:\n            # p = y - pseudo_targets. However pseudo_targets could be negative.\n            # Better: we need raw scores F to compute p. We can compute F by\n            # inverting sigmoid: F = log(p/(1-p)). But p is unknown.\n            # Alternative: approximate Hessian using constant? Use 0.25 as upper bound.\n            # Instead, we can compute hessian using the fact that we have current_predictions\n            # in compute_targets, but we don't have them here. We'll store them as state.\n            # Let's store current raw scores in a separate variable.\n            # Since we don't have current_predictions in this method, we'll store them\n            # as instance variable updated each round.\n            if not hasattr(self, '_raw_scores'):\n                self._raw_scores = np.zeros(X.shape[0])\n            probs = self._sigmoid(self._raw_scores)\n            hessians = probs * (1.0 - probs)\n            numerator = np.sum(pseudo_targets * preds)\n            denominator = np.sum(hessians * preds ** 2) + self.reg_lambda\n            alpha = numerator / denominator\n            return max(alpha, 0.0)\n\n    def update_weights(self, sample_weights, learner, X, y, pseudo_targets,\n                       alpha, round_idx):\n        \"\"\"Update sample weights based on confidence and round.\n\n        For regression:\n            weight update ∝ exp(temperature * normalized_absolute_error)\n            where normalized_absolute_error = |residual - pred| / max_error.\n        For classification:\n            weight update ∝ exp(temperature * confidence_score)\n            confidence_score = gradient_magnitude * exp(-margin)\n            margin = (2*y-1) * raw_score.\n        Temperature decays linearly from temperature_base to 1.0 over rounds.\n        \"\"\"\n        preds = learner.predict(X)\n        # Compute temperature decay: starts high, ends low\n        # So early rounds focus less on hard samples, later rounds focus more.\n        temperature = self.temperature_base - (self.temperature_base - 1.0) * (round_idx / self.n_rounds)\n\n        if self.task_type == \"regression\":\n            # pseudo_targets are residuals (y - current_pred)\n            # preds are fitted residuals\n            errors = np.abs(pseudo_targets - preds)  # absolute error of residual fit\n            if errors.max() > 0:\n                errors = errors / errors.max()  # normalize to [0,1]\n            weight_update = np.exp(temperature * errors)\n        else:\n            # classification\n            # Compute raw scores for margin: need current raw scores.\n            # We'll store raw scores as instance variable and update after weight update.\n            if not hasattr(self, '_raw_scores'):\n                self._raw_scores = np.zeros(X.shape[0])\n            y_signed = 2 * y - 1\n            margin = y_signed * self._raw_scores\n            # gradient magnitude = |pseudo_targets|\n            grad_mag = np.abs(pseudo_targets)\n            # confidence score: high grad_mag + low margin => high weight\n            score = grad_mag * np.exp(-margin)\n            if score.max() > 0:\n                score = score / score.max()\n            weight_update = np.exp(temperature * score)\n            # Update raw scores with new learner contribution\n            self._raw_scores += self.learning_rate * alpha * preds\n\n        sample_weights = sample_weights * weight_update\n        # Normalize\n        sample_weights = np.clip(sample_weights, 1e-10, None)\n        sample_weights = sample_weights / sample_weights.sum()\n        return sample_weights"
7}
Tool ResultStep 1
OK: Replaced lines 147..256 with 134 line(s) in scikit-learn/custom_boosting.py. Editable range: 147–280.

[Current file: scikit-learn/custom_boosting.py | editable: 147–280 | total: 473 lines]
   147  class BoostingStrategy:
   148      """Adaptive Gradient Boosting with Confidence-Weighted Updates (AGBCW).
   149  
       ... (128 more lines) ...
   278          sample_weights = np.clip(sample_weights, 1e-10, None)
   279          sample_weights = sample_weights / sample_weights.sum()
   280          return sample_weights
AssistantStep 2edit
Tool Input
1{
2  "op": "replace",
3  "filename": "scikit-learn/custom_boosting.py",
4  "start_line": 147,
5  "end_line": 280,
6  "content": "class BoostingStrategy:\n    \"\"\"Adaptive Gradient Boosting with Confidence-Weighted Updates (AGBCW).\n\n    Combines gradient-based pseudo-targets, second-order learner weights,\n    and adaptive sample reweighting based on confidence (margin for classification,\n    normalized residuals for regression). Uses round-dependent temperature to\n    focus more on hard samples in later rounds.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, config):\n        \"\"\"Initialize the boosting strategy.\n\n        Args:\n            config: dict with keys n_samples, n_features, n_rounds,\n                    task_type, learning_rate, dataset.\n        \"\"\"\n        self.config = config\n        self.task_type = config[\"task_type\"]\n        self.n_rounds = config[\"n_rounds\"]\n        self.learning_rate = config[\"learning_rate\"]\n        # Regularization parameter for Newton step (like XGBoost lambda)\n        self.reg_lambda = 1.0\n        # Base temperature for exponential weighting (decays over rounds)\n        self.temperature_base = 2.0\n        # Smoothing factor for sample weight updates\n        self.smoothing = 0.1\n\n    def init_weights(self, n_samples):\n        \"\"\"Initialize sample weights uniformly.\"\"\"\n        return np.ones(n_samples) / n_samples\n\n    def _sigmoid(self, x):\n        \"\"\"Sigmoid function with clipping for numerical stability.\"\"\"\n        return 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-np.clip(x, -500, 500)))\n\n    def compute_targets(self, y, current_predictions, sample_weights, round_idx):\n        \"\"\"Compute pseudo-targets as negative gradient of loss.\n\n        For regression: negative gradient of squared loss = residuals.\n        For classification: negative gradient of logistic loss = y - p.\n        \"\"\"\n        # Store current raw scores for Hessian computation in learner weight\n        self._raw_scores = current_predictions\n        if self.task_type == \"regression\":\n            # residuals\n            return y - current_predictions\n        else:\n            # classification: gradient of logistic loss\n            # current_predictions are raw scores (before sigmoid)\n            probs = self._sigmoid(current_predictions)\n            return y - probs\n\n    def compute_learner_weight(self, learner, X, y, pseudo_targets,\n                                sample_weights, round_idx):\n        \"\"\"Compute learner weight via regularized Newton step.\n\n        For regression: alpha = sum(g * h) / (sum(h^2) + lambda)\n          where g = pseudo_targets (residuals), h = learner predictions,\n          and hessian = 1 (for squared loss).\n        For classification: same but hessian = p*(1-p).\n        \"\"\"\n        preds = learner.predict(X)\n        if self.task_type == \"regression\":\n            numerator = np.sum(pseudo_targets * preds)\n            denominator = np.sum(preds ** 2) + self.reg_lambda\n            alpha = numerator / denominator\n            return max(alpha, 0.0)\n        else:\n            # classification: Hessians = p*(1-p) evaluated at current raw scores\n            probs = self._sigmoid(self._raw_scores)\n            hessians = probs * (1.0 - probs)\n            numerator = np.sum(pseudo_targets * preds)\n            denominator = np.sum(hessians * preds ** 2) + self.reg_lambda\n            alpha = numerator / denominator\n            return max(alpha, 0.0)\n\n    def update_weights(self, sample_weights, learner, X, y, pseudo_targets,\n                       alpha, round_idx):\n        \"\"\"Update sample weights based on confidence and round.\n\n        For regression:\n            weight update ∝ exp(temperature * normalized_absolute_error)\n            where normalized_absolute_error = |residual - pred| / max_error.\n        For classification:\n            weight update ∝ exp(temperature * confidence_score)\n            confidence_score = gradient_magnitude * exp(-margin)\n            margin = (2*y-1) * raw_score.\n        Temperature decays linearly from temperature_base to 1.0 over rounds.\n        \"\"\"\n        preds = learner.predict(X)\n        # Compute temperature decay: starts high, ends low\n        # So early rounds focus less on hard samples, later rounds focus more.\n        temperature = self.temperature_base - (self.temperature_base - 1.0) * (round_idx / self.n_rounds)\n\n        if self.task_type == \"regression\":\n            # pseudo_targets are residuals (y - current_pred)\n            # preds are fitted residuals\n            errors = np.abs(pseudo_targets - preds)  # absolute error of residual fit\n            if errors.max() > 0:\n                errors = errors / errors.max()  # normalize to [0,1]\n            # Add small smoothing to avoid extreme weights\n            errors = errors + self.smoothing\n            weight_update = np.exp(temperature * errors)\n        else:\n            # classification\n            # Compute margin using raw scores stored in compute_targets\n            y_signed = 2 * y - 1\n            margin = y_signed * self._raw_scores\n            # gradient magnitude = |pseudo_targets|\n            grad_mag = np.abs(pseudo_targets)\n            # confidence score: high grad_mag + low margin => high weight\n            score = grad_mag * np.exp(-margin)\n            if score.max() > 0:\n                score = score / score.max()\n            score = score + self.smoothing\n            weight_update = np.exp(temperature * score)\n\n        sample_weights = sample_weights * weight_update\n        # Normalize with clipping\n        sample_weights = np.clip(sample_weights, 1e-10, None)\n        sample_weights = sample_weights / sample_weights.sum()\n        return sample_weights"
7}
Tool ResultStep 2
OK: Replaced lines 147..280 with 122 line(s) in scikit-learn/custom_boosting.py. Editable range: 147–268.

[Current file: scikit-learn/custom_boosting.py | editable: 147–268 | total: 461 lines]
   147  class BoostingStrategy:
   148      """Adaptive Gradient Boosting with Confidence-Weighted Updates (AGBCW).
   149  
       ... (116 more lines) ...
   266          sample_weights = np.clip(sample_weights, 1e-10, None)
   267          sample_weights = sample_weights / sample_weights.sum()
   268          return sample_weights
AssistantStep 3test
Tool ResultStep 3
[Test #1] (2 tests remaining; call submit(n=N) to choose which test result to submit as final)

### breast_cancer (scripts/breast_cancer.sh)
Training progress (last rounds):
TRAIN_METRICS: round=120/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9737
TRAIN_METRICS: round=140/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9649
TRAIN_METRICS: round=160/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9649
TRAIN_METRICS: round=180/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9737
TRAIN_METRICS: round=200/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9737
Final metrics (breast_cancer): test_accuracy_breast_cancer=0.9737

### diabetes (scripts/diabetes.sh)
Training progress (last rounds):
TRAIN_METRICS: round=120/200 train_rmse=33.9271 test_rmse=56.7341
TRAIN_METRICS: round=140/200 train_rmse=32.1803 test_rmse=56.6279
TRAIN_METRICS: round=160/200 train_rmse=30.5455 test_rmse=56.3620
TRAIN_METRICS: round=180/200 train_rmse=29.0164 test_rmse=56.3270
TRAIN_METRICS: round=200/200 train_rmse=27.6810 test_rmse=56.5967
Final metrics (diabetes): test_rmse_diabetes=56.596
AssistantStep 4edit
Tool Input
1{
2  "op": "replace",
3  "filename": "scikit-learn/custom_boosting.py",
4  "start_line": 147,
5  "end_line": 268,
6  "content": "class BoostingStrategy:\n    \"\"\"Adaptive Gradient Boosting with Confidence-Weighted Updates (AGBCW).\n\n    Combines gradient-based pseudo-targets, second-order learner weights,\n    and adaptive sample reweighting based on confidence (margin for classification,\n    normalized residuals for regression). Uses round-dependent temperature to\n    focus more on hard samples in later rounds.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, config):\n        \"\"\"Initialize the boosting strategy.\n\n        Args:\n            config: dict with keys n_samples, n_features, n_rounds,\n                    task_type, learning_rate, dataset.\n        \"\"\"\n        self.config = config\n        self.task_type = config[\"task_type\"]\n        self.n_rounds = config[\"n_rounds\"]\n        self.learning_rate = config[\"learning_rate\"]\n        # Regularization parameter for Newton step (like XGBoost lambda)\n        self.reg_lambda = 0.1\n        # Base temperature for exponential weighting (decays over rounds)\n        self.temperature_base = 1.5\n        # Smoothing factor for sample weight updates\n        self.smoothing = 0.2\n        # Weight update exponent (1 for linear, 2 for quadratic)\n        self.exponent = 1.0\n\n    def init_weights(self, n_samples):\n        \"\"\"Initialize sample weights uniformly.\"\"\"\n        return np.ones(n_samples) / n_samples\n\n    def _sigmoid(self, x):\n        \"\"\"Sigmoid function with clipping for numerical stability.\"\"\"\n        return 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-np.clip(x, -500, 500)))\n\n    def compute_targets(self, y, current_predictions, sample_weights, round_idx):\n        \"\"\"Compute pseudo-targets as negative gradient of loss.\n\n        For regression: negative gradient of squared loss = residuals.\n        For classification: negative gradient of logistic loss = y - p.\n        \"\"\"\n        # Store current raw scores for Hessian computation in learner weight\n        self._raw_scores = current_predictions\n        if self.task_type == \"regression\":\n            # residuals\n            return y - current_predictions\n        else:\n            # classification: gradient of logistic loss\n            # current_predictions are raw scores (before sigmoid)\n            probs = self._sigmoid(current_predictions)\n            return y - probs\n\n    def compute_learner_weight(self, learner, X, y, pseudo_targets,\n                                sample_weights, round_idx):\n        \"\"\"Compute learner weight via regularized Newton step.\n\n        For regression: alpha = sum(g * h) / (sum(h^2) + lambda)\n          where g = pseudo_targets (residuals), h = learner predictions,\n          and hessian = 1 (for squared loss).\n        For classification: same but hessian = p*(1-p).\n        \"\"\"\n        preds = learner.predict(X)\n        if self.task_type == \"regression\":\n            numerator = np.sum(pseudo_targets * preds)\n            denominator = np.sum(preds ** 2) + self.reg_lambda\n            alpha = numerator / denominator\n            return max(alpha, 0.0)\n        else:\n            # classification: Hessians = p*(1-p) evaluated at current raw scores\n            probs = self._sigmoid(self._raw_scores)\n            hessians = probs * (1.0 - probs)\n            numerator = np.sum(pseudo_targets * preds)\n            denominator = np.sum(hessians * preds ** 2) + self.reg_lambda\n            alpha = numerator / denominator\n            return max(alpha, 0.0)\n\n    def update_weights(self, sample_weights, learner, X, y, pseudo_targets,\n                       alpha, round_idx):\n        \"\"\"Update sample weights based on confidence and round.\n\n        For regression:\n            weight update ∝ (smoothing + normalized_absolute_error)^exponent\n            where normalized_absolute_error = |residual - pred| / (std_dev + eps).\n        For classification:\n            weight update ∝ exp(temperature * confidence_score)\n            confidence_score = gradient_magnitude * exp(-margin)\n            margin = (2*y-1) * raw_score.\n        Temperature decays linearly from temperature_base to 1.0 over rounds.\n        \"\"\"\n        preds = learner.predict(X)\n        # Compute temperature decay: starts high, ends low\n        # So early rounds focus less on hard samples, later rounds focus more.\n        temperature = self.temperature_base - (self.temperature_base - 1.0) * (round_idx / self.n_rounds)\n\n        if self.task_type == \"regression\":\n            # pseudo_targets are residuals (y - current_pred)\n            # preds are fitted residuals\n            errors = np.abs(pseudo_targets - preds)  # absolute error of residual fit\n            # Normalize by standard deviation of errors (robust)\n            eps = 1e-8\n            if errors.std() > eps:\n                errors = errors / (errors.std() + eps)\n            else:\n                errors = errors / (errors.max() + eps)\n            # Clip errors to reasonable range\n            errors = np.clip(errors, 0, 5)\n            # Weight update: polynomial in errors (linear by default)\n            weight_update = (self.smoothing + errors) ** self.exponent\n        else:\n            # classification\n            # Compute margin using raw scores stored in compute_targets\n            y_signed = 2 * y - 1\n            margin = y_signed * self._raw_scores\n            # gradient magnitude = |pseudo_targets|\n            grad_mag = np.abs(pseudo_targets)\n            # confidence score: high grad_mag + low margin => high weight\n            score = grad_mag * np.exp(-margin)\n            if score.max() > 0:\n                score = score / score.max()\n            score = score + self.smoothing\n            weight_update = np.exp(temperature * score)\n\n        sample_weights = sample_weights * weight_update\n        # Normalize with clipping\n        sample_weights = np.clip(sample_weights, 1e-10, None)\n        sample_weights = sample_weights / sample_weights.sum()\n        return sample_weights"
7}
Tool ResultStep 4
OK: Replaced lines 147..268 with 129 line(s) in scikit-learn/custom_boosting.py. Editable range: 147–275.

[Current file: scikit-learn/custom_boosting.py | editable: 147–275 | total: 468 lines]
   147  class BoostingStrategy:
   148      """Adaptive Gradient Boosting with Confidence-Weighted Updates (AGBCW).
   149  
       ... (123 more lines) ...
   273          sample_weights = np.clip(sample_weights, 1e-10, None)
   274          sample_weights = sample_weights / sample_weights.sum()
   275          return sample_weights
AssistantStep 5test
Tool ResultStep 5
[Test #2] (1 test remaining; call submit(n=N) to choose which test result to submit as final)

### breast_cancer (scripts/breast_cancer.sh)
Training progress (last rounds):
TRAIN_METRICS: round=120/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9737
TRAIN_METRICS: round=140/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9649
TRAIN_METRICS: round=160/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9649
TRAIN_METRICS: round=180/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9649
TRAIN_METRICS: round=200/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9649
Final metrics (breast_cancer): test_accuracy_breast_cancer=0.9649

### diabetes (scripts/diabetes.sh)
Training progress (last rounds):
TRAIN_METRICS: round=120/200 train_rmse=36.0820 test_rmse=53.1397
TRAIN_METRICS: round=140/200 train_rmse=34.4922 test_rmse=53.2111
TRAIN_METRICS: round=160/200 train_rmse=33.1388 test_rmse=53.2915
TRAIN_METRICS: round=180/200 train_rmse=32.1279 test_rmse=53.3508
TRAIN_METRICS: round=200/200 train_rmse=30.9490 test_rmse=53.7314
Final metrics (diabetes): test_rmse_diabetes=53.7314
AssistantStep 6edit
Tool Input
1{
2  "op": "replace",
3  "filename": "scikit-learn/custom_boosting.py",
4  "start_line": 147,
5  "end_line": 275,
6  "content": "class BoostingStrategy:\n    \"\"\"Adaptive Second-Order Boosting with Hybrid Weighting (ASBHW).\n\n    Combines second-order learner weights (Newton step with regularization)\n    and adaptive sample reweighting:\n    - For regression: AdaBoost.R2-style weight reduction for well-predicted samples.\n    - For classification: confidence-weighted exponential updates based on margin.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, config):\n        \"\"\"Initialize the boosting strategy.\n\n        Args:\n            config: dict with keys n_samples, n_features, n_rounds,\n                    task_type, learning_rate, dataset.\n        \"\"\"\n        self.config = config\n        self.task_type = config[\"task_type\"]\n        self.n_rounds = config[\"n_rounds\"]\n        self.learning_rate = config[\"learning_rate\"]\n        # Regularization parameter for Newton step (like XGBoost lambda)\n        self.reg_lambda = 0.1\n        # Temperature for classification weight update (decays over rounds)\n        self.temperature_base = 1.5\n\n    def init_weights(self, n_samples):\n        \"\"\"Initialize sample weights uniformly.\"\"\"\n        return np.ones(n_samples) / n_samples\n\n    def _sigmoid(self, x):\n        \"\"\"Sigmoid function with clipping for numerical stability.\"\"\"\n        return 1.0 / (1.0 + np.exp(-np.clip(x, -500, 500)))\n\n    def compute_targets(self, y, current_predictions, sample_weights, round_idx):\n        \"\"\"Compute pseudo-targets as negative gradient of loss.\n\n        For regression: negative gradient of squared loss = residuals.\n        For classification: negative gradient of logistic loss = y - p.\n        \"\"\"\n        # Store current raw scores for Hessian computation in learner weight\n        self._raw_scores = current_predictions\n        if self.task_type == \"regression\":\n            # residuals\n            return y - current_predictions\n        else:\n            # classification: gradient of logistic loss\n            # current_predictions are raw scores (before sigmoid)\n            probs = self._sigmoid(current_predictions)\n            return y - probs\n\n    def compute_learner_weight(self, learner, X, y, pseudo_targets,\n                                sample_weights, round_idx):\n        \"\"\"Compute learner weight via regularized Newton step.\n\n        For regression: alpha = sum(g * h) / (sum(h^2) + lambda)\n          where g = pseudo_targets (residuals), h = learner predictions,\n          and hessian = 1 (for squared loss).\n        For classification: same but hessian = p*(1-p).\n        \"\"\"\n        preds = learner.predict(X)\n        if self.task_type == \"regression\":\n            numerator = np.sum(pseudo_targets * preds)\n            denominator = np.sum(preds ** 2) + self.reg_lambda\n            alpha = numerator / denominator\n            return max(alpha, 0.0)\n        else:\n            # classification: Hessians = p*(1-p) evaluated at current raw scores\n            probs = self._sigmoid(self._raw_scores)\n            hessians = probs * (1.0 - probs)\n            numerator = np.sum(pseudo_targets * preds)\n            denominator = np.sum(hessians * preds ** 2) + self.reg_lambda\n            alpha = numerator / denominator\n            return max(alpha, 0.0)\n\n    def update_weights(self, sample_weights, learner, X, y, pseudo_targets,\n                       alpha, round_idx):\n        \"\"\"Update sample weights after fitting a learner.\n\n        Regression: AdaBoost.R2-style weight reduction for well-predicted samples.\n        Classification: exponential weighting based on margin and gradient magnitude.\n        \"\"\"\n        preds = learner.predict(X)\n        if self.task_type == \"regression\":\n            # AdaBoost.R2 weight update\n            errors = np.abs(preds - pseudo_targets)  # absolute error of residual fit\n            if errors.max() > 0:\n                errors = errors / errors.max()  # normalize to [0,1]\n            avg_loss = np.dot(sample_weights, errors)\n            avg_loss = np.clip(avg_loss, 1e-10, 1.0 - 1e-10)\n            beta = avg_loss / (1.0 - avg_loss)\n            # Decrease weight for well-predicted samples (small errors)\n            sample_weights = sample_weights * np.power(beta, 1.0 - errors)\n        else:\n            # classification: confidence-weighted exponential update\n            # Compute temperature decay\n            temperature = self.temperature_base - (self.temperature_base - 1.0) * (round_idx / self.n_rounds)\n            # margin using raw scores stored in compute_targets\n            y_signed = 2 * y - 1\n            margin = y_signed * self._raw_scores\n            # gradient magnitude = |pseudo_targets|\n            grad_mag = np.abs(pseudo_targets)\n            # confidence score: high grad_mag + low margin => high weight\n            score = grad_mag * np.exp(-margin)\n            if score.max() > 0:\n                score = score / score.max()\n            # exponential weighting\n            weight_update = np.exp(temperature * score)\n            sample_weights = sample_weights * weight_update\n\n        # Normalize with clipping\n        sample_weights = np.clip(sample_weights, 1e-10, None)\n        sample_weights = sample_weights / sample_weights.sum()\n        return sample_weights"
7}
Tool ResultStep 6
OK: Replaced lines 147..275 with 113 line(s) in scikit-learn/custom_boosting.py. Editable range: 147–259.

[Current file: scikit-learn/custom_boosting.py | editable: 147–259 | total: 452 lines]
   147  class BoostingStrategy:
   148      """Adaptive Second-Order Boosting with Hybrid Weighting (ASBHW).
   149  
       ... (107 more lines) ...
   257          sample_weights = np.clip(sample_weights, 1e-10, None)
   258          sample_weights = sample_weights / sample_weights.sum()
   259          return sample_weights
AssistantStep 7test
Tool ResultStep 7
[Test #3] (0 tests remaining; call submit(n=N) to choose which test result to submit as final)

[NOTE] This was your last test. You MUST now call submit(n=X) to choose which test result to submit as your final answer.

### breast_cancer (scripts/breast_cancer.sh)
Training progress (last rounds):
TRAIN_METRICS: round=120/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9737
TRAIN_METRICS: round=140/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9649
TRAIN_METRICS: round=160/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9649
TRAIN_METRICS: round=180/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9649
TRAIN_METRICS: round=200/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9649
Final metrics (breast_cancer): test_accuracy_breast_cancer=0.9649

### diabetes (scripts/diabetes.sh)
Training progress (last rounds):
TRAIN_METRICS: round=120/200 train_rmse=33.2318 test_rmse=58.8972
TRAIN_METRICS: round=140/200 train_rmse=32.0660 test_rmse=59.1935
TRAIN_METRICS: round=160/200 train_rmse=30.7029 test_rmse=59.5995
TRAIN_METRICS: round=180/200 train_rmse=29.3211 test_rmse=58
AssistantStep 8submit
Tool Input
1{
2  "n": 1
3}
Tool ResultStep 8
[submit] Submitting result from test #1 as final.

### breast_cancer (scripts/breast_cancer.sh)
Training progress (last rounds):
TRAIN_METRICS: round=120/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9737
TRAIN_METRICS: round=140/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9649
TRAIN_METRICS: round=160/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9649
TRAIN_METRICS: round=180/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9737
TRAIN_METRICS: round=200/200 train_acc=1.0000 test_acc=0.9737
Final metrics (breast_cancer): test_accuracy_breast_cancer=0.9737

### diabetes (scripts/diabetes.sh)
Training progress (last rounds):
TRAIN_METRICS: round=120/200 train_rmse=33.9271 test_rmse=56.7341
TRAIN_METRICS: round=140/200 train_rmse=32.1803 test_rmse=56.6279
TRAIN_METRICS: round=160/200 train_rmse=30.5455 test_rmse=56.3620
TRAIN_METRICS: round=180/200 train_rmse=29.0164 test_rmse=56.3270
TRAIN_METRICS: round=200/200 train_rmse=27.6810 test_rmse=56.5967
Final metrics (diabetes): test_rmse_diabetes=56.5967

### california_housing (scripts/california